A pair of standard scissors Scissors are hand-operated shearing tools. They consist of a pair of pivoted so that the sharpened edges slide against each other when the handles (bows) opposite to the pivot are closed. Scissors are used for cutting various thin materials, such as,,,,, and. A large variety of scissors and shears all exist for specialized purposes. And are functionally equivalent to scissors, but the larger implements tend to be called.
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Hair-cutting shears have specific blade angles ideal for cutting. Using the incorrect scissors to cut hair will result in increased damage or split ends, or both, by breaking the hair.
Kitchen shears, also known as kitchen scissors, are intended for cutting and trimming foods such as meats. Modern scissors are often designed with composite and which enable the user to exert either a power grip or a precision grip. Shears from the 2nd century AD (reference needed) The earliest known scissors appeared in 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. These were of the 'spring scissor' type comprising two blades connected at the handles by a thin, flexible strip of curved bronze which served to hold the blades in alignment, to allow them to be squeezed together, and to pull them apart when released. Spring scissors continued to be used in Europe until the 16th century. However, pivoted scissors of bronze or, in which the blades were pivoted at a point between the tips and the handles, the direct ancestor of modern scissors, were invented by the around 100 AD.
They entered common use in not only ancient Rome, but also,, and, and the idea is still used in almost all modern scissors. Early manufacture [ ] During the and, spring scissors were made by heating a bar of iron or steel, then flattening and shaping its ends into blades on an anvil. The center of the bar was heated, bent to form the spring, then cooled and reheated to make it flexible.
The Hangzhou Zhang Xiaoquan Company in Hangzhou, China, has been manufacturing scissors since 1663. William Whiteley & Sons (Sheffield) Ltd.
Was producing scissors by 1760, although it is believed the business began trading even earlier. The first trade-mark, 332, was granted in 1791. The company is still manufacturing scissors today, and is the oldest company in the West to do so. Pivoted scissors were not manufactured in large numbers until 1761, when produced the first pair of modern-day scissors made of hardened and polished cast steel. He lived in,, and was reputed to be the first person who put out a signboard proclaiming himself 'fine scissor manufacturer'. During the 19th century, scissors were hand-forged with elaborately decorated handles. They were made by hammering steel on indented surfaces known as 'bosses' to form the blades.
The rings in the handles, known as bows, were made by punching a hole in the steel and enlarging it with the pointed end of an anvil. In 1649, in -ruled, an ironworks was founded in the village of between and.
In 1830, a new owner started the first cutlery works in Finland, making, among other items, scissors with the trademark. Description and operation [ ] A pair of scissors consists of two pivoted blades. In lower-quality scissors, the cutting edges are not particularly sharp; it is primarily the action between the two blades that cuts the material. In high-quality scissors, the blades can be both extremely sharp, and tension sprung - to increase the cutting and shearing tension only at the exact point where the blades meet. The hand movement (pushing with the thumb, pulling with the fingers) can add to this tension. An ideal example is in high-quality tailor's scissors or shears, which need to be able to perfectly cut (and not simply tear apart) delicate cloths such as chiffon and silk.
's scissors are usually not particularly sharp, and the tips of the blades are often blunted or 'rounded' for safety. Mechanically, scissors are a first-class double- with the pivot acting as the. For cutting thick or heavy material, the of a lever can be exploited by placing the material to be cut as close to the fulcrum as possible. For example, if the applied force (at the handles) is twice as far away from the fulcrum as the cutting location (i.e., the point of contact between the blades), the force at the cutting location is twice that of the applied force at the handles.
Scissors cut material by applying at the cutting location a local which exceeds the material's. Some scissors have an appendage, called a finger brace or finger tang, below the index finger hole for the middle finger to rest on to provide for better control and more power in precision cutting. A finger tang can be found on many quality scissors (including inexpensive ones) and especially on scissors for cutting hair (see hair scissors pictured below).
In hair cutting, some claim the ring finger is inserted where some place their index finger, and the little finger rests on the finger tang. For people who do not have the use of their hands, there are specially designed foot-operated scissors. Some quadriplegics can use a motorized mouth-operated style of scissor. Right-handed and left-handed scissors [ ]. Left-handed (left) and right-handed (right) scissors Most scissors are best-suited for use with the right hand, but left-handed scissors are designed for use with the left hand. Because scissors have overlapping blades, they are not symmetric. This asymmetry is true regardless of the orientation and shape of the handles: the blade that is on top always forms the same diagonal regardless of orientation.
Human hands are also asymmetric, and when closing, the thumb and fingers do not close vertically, but have a lateral component to the motion. Specifically, the thumb pushes out from the palm and the fingers pull inwards.
For right-handed scissors held in the right hand, the thumb blade is closer to the user's body, so that the natural tendency of the right hand is to force the cutting blades together. Conversely, if right-handed scissors are held in the left hand, the natural tendency of the left hand would be to force the cutting blades laterally apart. Furthermore, with right-handed scissors held by the right hand, the shearing edge is visible, but when they are used with the left hand, the cutting edge of the scissors is behind the top blade, and one cannot see what is being cut. Some scissors are marketed as. These have symmetric handles so there is no distinction between the thumb and finger handles, and have very strong pivots so that the blades simply rotate and do not have any lateral give.
However, most 'ambidextrous' scissors are in fact still right-handed in that the upper blade is on the right, and hence is on the outside when held in the right hand. Even if they cut successfully, the blade orientation will block the view of the cutting line for a left-handed person. True ambidextrous scissors are possible if the blades are double-edged and one handle is swung all the way around (to almost 360 ) so that the back of the blades become the new cutting edges.
Patents ( ) have been awarded for true ambidextrous scissors. Specialized scissors [ ] Among specialized scissors and shears used for different purposes are: Gardening, agriculture and animal husbandry [ ] Type Image Description/purpose for trimming for trimming for trimming high branches or secateurs for trimming small for cutting through large for cutting an animal's fleece to harvest Food and drug [ ] Type Image Description/purpose Kitchen scissors or kitchen shears For food preparation, but often used for a variety of other purposes. Download Pdf Tafsir Al Quran Per Kata Maghfirah Pustaka. Today, kitchen scissors are usually made from stainless steel for food hygiene and oxidization-resistance reasons.
They often have kitchen functionality (other than cutting) incorporated, such as bottle-cap, to fish scale, to crack nuts and bottle-openers built into the handles. Poultry shears to cut cooked specialized scissors with concave blade edges to cut cigars Grooming [ ] Type Image Description/purpose for trimming hair for thinning thick hair to avoid a bushy look for cutting hair by,, and Nail scissors for cutting and Moustache scissors for trimming Metalwork [ ] Type Image Description/purpose for cutting through. Tin, or tinner, snips Compound action snips Pipe and duct snips for cutting heavy sheet metal, often in. Sometimes referred to by the 'Jaws of Life'.
For cutting complex shapes in sheet metal Medical [ ] Type Image Description/purpose, or 'tuff cuts' for use in emergency medical response and rescue. The rounded tips are designed to slide across human flesh without harm, allowing quick removal of clothing Dissection scissors for cutting flesh in for cutting flesh in for for delicate surgery for delicate surgery often for cutting for cutting bandages Ceremonial [ ] Type Image Description/purpose Ceremonial scissors giant scissors used for ceremonial Sewing and clothes-making [ ] Type Image Description/purpose With long blades and pointy tips, designed to cut long, straight, smooth cuts in a variety of materials, as well as to get into small areas with the tips. In sewing applications they are primarily used for non-fabric cutting applications, such as cutting out paper patterns. An offset handle and paddle-shaped blade pushes away the bottom layer of fabric for controlled cuts close the stitching. Designed to cut/trim close to the fabric while protecting it from damage, and used for applique work and rug making. Adjustable, short-bladed, heavy-duty scissors for opening button holes. Dressmaker’s shears have a long blade (typically 7-10'), to facilitate cutting out fabric.
Blades are tapered, with one pointed and one rounded tip; the blunt tip prevents fabric from snagging on seams and threads. Blades have a “knife edge”: the top blade is set at an acute angle which allows them to cut through fabric easier than scissors. More heavy-duty than general scissors, the bottom blade sits flush on the table- making it easier to cut accurately through fabric.
Small scissors without loopholes for the fingers, which have a fine pointy tip, designed to get close to the fabric without damaging it. These snips feature a curved blade, to facilitate getting as close as possible to the base of a thread without damaging the garment. For cutting cloth and producing a serrated edge so that the fabric does not fray. Sewing chatelaine scissors is a French term meaning 'mistress of a castle, chateau or stately home', and dates back to the Middle Ages.
It refers to an ornamental clasp or hook from which chains were hung from the waist, holding perhaps, a purse, watch, keys, scissors or thimble case. The sewing chatelaine became a popular ornamental appendage worn by Victorian ladies at their waist, but disappeared when fashion changed and skirts were no longer full and long. Sewing chatelaines are now produced and worn as pendants around the neck. Designed to cut through heavy-duty materials like leather or multiple layers of fabric.
Generally shorter in length (5″ blades are typical), with thicker blades that feature precision-ground knife-edges which cut all the way to the tip. Scissors gallery [ ] •. Scissors for cutting carpet Culture [ ] Due to their ubiquity across cultures and classes, scissors have numerous representations across world culture. Art [ ] Numerous forms of art worldwide enlist scissors as a tool/material with which to accomplish the art.
For cases where scissors appear in or are represented by the final art product, see. Film [ ] • is a 1991 film starring and in a thriller revolving around repressed memories of scissors. • is a 1990 film starring as a young man who has hands made of multiple pairs of scissors.
• is a 2006 film based on the memoir of the same title. Games [ ] The game involves two or more players making shapes with their hands to determine the outcome of the game. One of the three shapes, 'scissors', is made by extending the index and middle fingers to mimic the shape of most scissors. In the horror game series,, there is a character called, who has a variety of identities as the main antagonist throughout the series. Scissorman is a demonic serial killer with a giant pair of scissors and will kill anyone without showing even a sign of mercy or remorse.
Literature [ ] ' 2002 spent eight weeks on the. The book was later adapted into a film. Music [ ] • is the title of a 1999 album. • The song 'The Tailor Shop on Enbizaka (円尾坂の仕立屋 Enbizaka no Shitateya)' from producer Akuno-P tells a story about a tailor that kills a man and his family, whom she mistakes for her unfaithful lover and his three mistresses, using her sewing scissors. • The song 'Scissor Man', later covered.
Sport [ ] The term 'scissor kick' may be found in several sports, including: •, a generic martial arts term for any of a number of moves that may resemble the appearance or action of a pair of scissors. • in are sometimes known as 'scissor kicks'. • strokes including the incorporate a leg movement often known as a 'scissor kick'. Superstition [ ] Scissors have a widespread place in cultural superstitions. In many cases, the specifics of the superstition may be specific to a given country, region, tribe, religion or even situation. • Africa • In parts of North, it was held that scissors could be used to a bridegroom.
When the bridegroom was on horseback, the person enacting the curse would stand behind him with the scissors open and call his name. If the bridegroom answered to his name being called, the scissors would then be snapped shut and the bridegroom would be unable to consummate his marriage with his bride. • Asia • In Pakistan, some believe that scissors should never be idly opened and closed without purpose. This is believed to cause bad luck. • North America • United States • In, some believed that putting an open pair of scissors underneath your at night was a sound method for sleeping well, even if one is cursed. • Eastern Europe • It is believed in some Eastern European countries that leaving scissors open causes fights and disagreement within a household. • China • It is believed in China that giving scissors to a friend or loved ones is to be cutting ties with them.
Science [ ] Scissors have been used in the sciences for various purposes, including descriptions of animals or natural features. Nature [ ] Animals named after scissors include: • Birds • The of North and Central America.
• The • The, a bird that is widespread throughout Africa. • Fish • The, several species of fish that are commonly used for freshwater aquariums. See also [ ] • resembles a pair of scissors, but is used as a clamp in and does not cut at all. • cut small pieces out of. • used for holding and metal or wire.
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